ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC AND EDAPHIC VARIABLES OF STARCHY CORN CROPS WITH THE APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) IN PAMPAS-HUANCAVELICA, PERU

This article presents the implementation and results of an Internet of Things (IoT) system for monitoring climatic and edaphic variables in starchy corn crops under greenhouse conditions in Huancavelica, Peru. The system comprises two end nodes, a LoRa gateway, and a graphical user interface. Each end node is equipped with sensors to measure and transmit data on relative humidity and temperature (climatic variables), as well as soil moisture, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH (edaphic variables). The LoRa gateway ensures data transmission from the end nodes to the Internet, enabling real-time visualization of recorded data through the graphical user interface. This setup facilitated the analysis of the dynamics of the variables, revealing distinct patterns in greenhouse conditions. Relative and soil temperatures peaked at midday and decreased at night, while relative and soil humidity were higher in the early morning. Greenhouse 2 maintained stable pH and EC levels, whereas Greenhouse 1 showed an EC peak of 13 and a pH of 6.5, likely due to consistent irrigation practices. The IoT system demonstrated its reliability and efficiency, even in remote areas with limited Internet connectivity, highlighting its robustness under challenging conditions. By automating data collection and enabling remote monitoring, this system supports timely and precise decision-making, offering valuable insights into crop conditions and improving agricultural management. The implementation of such systems in greenhouse environments optimizes resource use, enhances productivity, and provides a scalable solution for precision agriculture in regions with limited technological infrastructure.